1980-1988: The Longest War
September 1980 mein, Saddam Hussein ki Iraqi forces ne Iran par hamla kar diya. Ye jung jo sirf kuch hafton ki sachi gayi thi, wo 8 saal tak chali aur 20th century ki sabse lambi conventional wars mein se ek ban gayi.
The Siege of Khorramshahr
Jung ke shuruati dino mein Khorramshahr shehar par Iraq ne kabza kar liya tha. Is shehar ko wapas lena Iran ke liye izzat ka sawal tha. 1982 mein Iranian forces ne ise wapas jeet liya, jise Iran mein ek bada moajiza (miracle) mana jata hai.
Human and Economic Cost
Is jung mein dono taraf se takreeban 1 million log mare gaye. Iran ke bohot se shehar khandar ban gaye aur economy ko arabon dollar ka nuksan hua. Jung ke dauran chemical weapons ka bhi istemal kiya gaya, jisne hazaron Iranian logon ko hamesha ke liye beemar kar diya.
End of Conflict
1988 mein United Nations ki mediation ke baad ek ceasefire (jung-bandi) hui. Jung ke khatme par dono mulkon ki sarhadein (borders) wahi rahi jo jung se pehle thi, yaani kisi ne bhi zameen nahi jeeti, lekin nuksan dono ka azmath hua.
Key Takeaways:
- National Unity: Is jung ne revolutionary Iran ko ek saath jod diya.
- Military Self-Reliance: Sanctions ki wajah se Iran ne apne hathiyar khud banana shuru kiye.
- The Generation of Martyrs: Aaj bhi Iran ki har gali mein un logon ke naam milte hain jo is jung mein shaheed huye.